Abstract

Water and soil pollution pose a double whammy to environmental sustainability by endangering ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. This article discusses the causes and connections between these two forms of pollution: inappropriate waste disposal, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste discharge. The study focuses on how contaminants in soil may find their way into water bodies and how polluted water deteriorates soil quality, which in turn causes more environmental damage. Comprehensive policies incorporating sustainable practices and regulatory measures are necessary to safeguard natural resources for future generations. Using a qualitative methodology, this study will investigate the connection between soil and water contamination. In addition to field observations in impacted locations, data will be gathered through interviews with community people, local authorities, and environmental specialists. This research will also examine secondary data from case studies and reports. Thematic and content analysis will be employed to find important themes and insights. The objective is to offer a more thorough comprehension of the connections between these two pollution categories and suggest practical remedies for environmental sustainability.

Keywords- Water, Soil, Pollution, Environmental, Sustainability.

Abstract

Waste made of plastic has become a major source of water contamination, endangering both human health and ecosystems. To disrupt aquatic life, damage biodiversity, and get into the food chain, this research investigates how microplastics and larger plastic trash pollute water bodies. The report emphasizes the risks that plastic pollution poses to the ecosystem and human health, including its harmful effects and long-term persistence. To address this expanding worldwide concern, strategies for minimizing this issue are presented, reducing the use of plastic, improving trash disposal methods, and promoting sustainable substitutes. This study will use a quantitative approach to assess the impact of plastic waste on water pollution and its effects on ecosystems and human health. Data will be collected through water sampling to measure the concentration of microplastics and larger plastic debris in various water bodies. Statistical analysis will be performed to identify correlations between pollution levels and changes in aquatic biodiversity, as well as health risks associated with plastic contamination. The findings will provide quantitative evidence to support strategies aimed at reducing plastic pollution and improving waste management practices.

ABSTRACT

The conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to gasoline is a crucial process in the petroleum industry, utilizing various refining techniques such as catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, thermal cracking, and coking. This study looks at the environmental effects of the chemical processes that turn heavy hydrocarbon molecules into lighter products like gasoline. After a thorough literature review, this study uses qualitative methodology to examine the impact of the chemical process that converts heavy hydrocarbons to gasoline on the environment. This study's systematic approach to literature selection prioritizes peer-reviewed sources and respected industry publications to ensure the validity and trustworthiness of the results. According to the results, converting heavy hydrocarbons into gasoline is one of the most essential operations in the petroleum industry as it ensures fuel supply for transportation and industry. Coking, hydrocracking, thermal cracking, and catalytic cracking are some chemical processes that pose significant environmental risks. These activities cause climate change and global warming because Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are among the greenhouse gases released. These efforts result in air pollution, elements that cause smog, acid rain, and other adverse health effects, such as sulfur oxides (SO₃), nitrogen oxides (NO₃), and particulate matter.

Keywords- Chemical, Processes, Environment, Heavy Hydrocarbons, Gasoline.

Abstract

Human activities in water-based tourism areas may contribute to the degradation of the water quality. This research aimed to evaluate the surface water quality by using accurate biotic index of benthic macroinvertebrates as a bioindicator in Coban Rondo water river in Pujon, Malang Indonesia. Three locations including upstream, waterfall, and downstream were the sources of the macroinvertebrate samples taken in two different periods during the dry season in 2017 and the rainy season in 2018. The research was conducted from August 2017 to October 2018. Benthic macro-invertebrate sampling was conducted in each site. Results indicated that the pH of the water in Coban Rondo ranges from 6.5 to 7.5. The electrical conductivity is found higher during rainy season than dry season. Similarly, the (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) BOD level is also significantly higher in the rainy season. Meanwhile, the level of (Chemical Oxygen Demand) COD and (Dissolved Oxygen) DO are varied with the COD level found higher in the waterfall during rainy season but downstream in the dry season. The DO level is still acceptable based on the (Food and Agriculture Organization) FAO level of agricultural and drinking water. Moreover, the bioindicator results show that there are 32 species of macroinvertebrates, with average total abundance of 1662 organisms/m². Majority of the macroinvertebrates are Uenoidae, Hydropsychidae, and Baetidae which belong to taxa tolerance 1 – 4. Additionally, only waterfall station which is dominated by Caenidae with the tolerance of 7. Therefore, the water quality in Coban Rondo waterfall ranges from significantly polluted in the waterfall station to very good and excellent quality in general condition. There are a total of 140 taxa recorded in this study, including 80 taxa during the rain season and 60 taxa in the dry season and a difference in the total macroinvertebrate abundance in two seasons with a sharp fluctuation found during dry season. The Shannon Wiener diversity shows an average index of above 2 which indicates that the water has good quality and not polluted.

Keywords: Coban Rondo, Macroinvertebrate, Bioindicator, Water quality, Waterfall

Abstract. Coban Rondo waterfall is threated to have been polluted due to the tourism activity. Analysis of the water quality is essential to provide the basis for judging the suitability of water for its designated uses and improving its conditions. This study aims to analyze the water physical and chemical parameters of Coban Rondo waterfall in Pujon, Malang Indonesia. Three locations including upstream, waterfall, and downstream were the sources of the water samples taken during the rainy season. The study analyzes 12 water quality parameters consisting of 5 physical parameters and 7 chemical parameters. Using ANOVA, cluster analyses, and Biplot to analyze the water quality, the research results indicated that water and air temperatures were high in the upstream. The value of pH from 6.9 to 7.4, DO from 8 to 11 mg/L, conductivity from 0.106-0.112dS/m, turbidity 3.3 NTU to 7.6 NTU, water debit4 x 105 L/s and total phosphate from 0.5to 0.07 mg/L were higher in the downstream area, while the concentration of nitrate from 5 to 30 mg/L, orthophosphate 1.0 to 1.4 mg/L, COD from 14 to 22 mg/Land BOD 10.8 to 15.6mg/L was highest in the upstream. It indicates that the human activity in Coban Rondo has affected the water quality. Based on Indonesia government regulation No. 82/2001, the water in Coban Rondo was still suitable for irrigation and tourism (Class II), except BOD level.

Keyword: Coban Rondo waterfall, physical chemical parameters, water quality.